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Diet in Diabetic Patients
Diabetes is a chronic disease that causes difficulty in controlling blood sugar levels. It is mainly caused by a deficiency or lack of function of the hormone insulin. Dietary and lifestyle changes in diabetics play an important role in controlling the disease. A proper diet helps prevent diabetes and reduces the risk of complications associated with it.
Importance of diet according to type of diabetes
Diabetes is generally of two types:
- Type 1 diabetes: where the body produces little or no insulin.
- Type 2 Diabetes: Where the body produces insulin, but it does not work properly.
Dietary control strategies may differ in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Patients with type 1 diabetes need to take insulin and adjust the insulin dose with meal times. And for type 2 diabetics, the main goals are to keep weight under control and keep blood sugar levels stable.
The main rules of diet for diabetic patients
1. Eating regularly and on time
Diabetic patients need to take regular meals throughout the day to keep their blood sugar levels regular. Three big meals of the day (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) and light snacks should be the right amount of food. It stabilizes blood sugar and reduces the risk of post-meal spikes.
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2. Sugar intake rules
Carbohydrates are the most important element in the diet of diabetics. But it should come in the right amount and from the right source. Carbohydrates are best obtained from whole grains, vegetables, and fruits. Such foods are high in fiber, which slows the rise in blood sugar levels and helps control them.
It is important to stay away from high glycemic index (GI) foods such as sugar, sweets, and processed foods. They raise blood sugar levels quickly.
3. Increase fiber-rich foods
Fiber plays an important role in controlling blood sugar levels. It is digested slowly and slows down the rate at which blood sugar levels rise. In addition, fiber reduces the risk of heart disease and keeps the digestive system healthy.
Some examples of fiber-rich foods are:
- Whole grains (eg, oats, brown rice, and whole wheat bread)
- Vegetables (eg, spinach, cauliflower, eggplant)
- Fruits (eg, apples, pears, berries)
- Nuts and seeds (eg almonds, walnuts, chia seeds)
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4. Protein foods
Protein does not raise blood sugar levels, making it safe and beneficial for diabetics. Consuming the right amount of protein provides energy to the body and helps in weight control. However, high-fat protein sources should be avoided, such as fatty meats and processed meats.
Sources of Protein:
- Fish, chicken, pulses, nuts
- Low-fat dairy products
- Pulses, chickpeas, lentils
5. Control of fat intake
Diabetic patients should limit the amount of fat in their diet, especially saturated and trans fats. They raise blood cholesterol and increase the risk of heart disease. Instead, replace unhealthy fats with healthy fats, such as foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids (fish, nuts, avocados).
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6. Avoid sugary foods
Sugar is the most harmful ingredient for diabetics. Sweet drinks, sweet foods, and candies should be avoided. These foods raise blood sugar levels quickly, which can be dangerous for diabetics. If sugar is required, it is best to get it from natural sources such as fruit.
Additional advice
Daily drink control:
Avoid sugary drinks like soft drinks, energy drinks, and sugary juices. Instead of these, increase the amount of water or take unsweetened tea and coffee.
Weight control:
Weight should be kept under control through healthy eating habits and regular exercise. Being overweight increases the risk of type 2 diabetes.
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Proper quantity of food:
It is important to keep the quantity of food under control. Eating too much food can raise blood sugar and reduce the effectiveness of insulin. In particular, the amount of carbohydrate-rich foods should be monitored.
Exercise:
Regular physical exercise should be done daily. Walking, swimming, yoga, and light workouts help control diabetes.
Conclusion
Diet is an essential part of controlling diabetes. Proper diet, glycemic control, and regular exercise can improve the patient's quality of life. Also, it is important to consult a nutritionist so that a diet plan can be developed according to individual needs and disease status.
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